How Socrates Influences Our Lives Today
48346
Society > Religion and Faith
Oct 12, 2007
billnugent
How Socrates Influences Our Lives Today
Socrates (ca. 470-399 BC) is not just another "dead white male" despised by our university elite but a man whose philosophical breakthroughs reverberate down through the centuries and profoundly affect us today. Athens in the fifth century BC was the age of Pericles. The grandiose construction projects undertaken by Pericles such as the Parthenon were being built during Socrates' lifetime. Philosophically, Athens was in a time of confusion, flux and disarray. The pre-socratic philosophers, namely the sophists such as Protagorus, Gorgias and Thrasymachus were teaching moral relativism in their philosophical schools. The term "sophist" means "wise man" and these wise men implicitly regarded their own personal wisdom as the foundation of understanding right behavior. Protagorus, Gorgias and Thrasymachus were not native to Athens and had traveled extensively. In their travels they had seen that what was forbidden in one culture was permitted or even encouraged in another. This led them to the erroneous conclusion that morals are relative and therefore there is no foundation of truth or firm way of determining right and wrong. The term "sophistry" today has negative connotations as well it should. Since the sophists believed morals were relative they descended into philosophical pragmatism which is the idea that the best philosophy is that which is practical or that which "works" regardless of its moral implications. Pragmatism is very popular in western civilization today. The pragmatist philosophy of the American philosopher William James is a flowering of modernist sophistry. In the West we now have a situation similar to that of ancient Athens. The ancient sophists charged high fees for their courses of instruction and this too was a departure from Athenian tradition which had always maintained that philosophers not charge for their instruction. Socrates was trained by the sophists but could only afford the short course. The sophists taught rhetoric which is the art of verbal persuasion. Since the sophists made no firm truth claims so they just taught how to persuade. Each man made up his own truth and the more clever could persuade others. Socrates saw the emptiness of this and feared for his city that the sophists, through their relativism, would destroy the foundation of morals and eventually lead to an extinction of ethics and a return to barbarism. Socrates' approach to the situation was to look to the intellect to try to discover the foundation of truth. He looked to the human conscience. Socrates had stumbled onto one of God's ways of giving revelation to man. The Bible in Romans 2: 14-15 tells us that Gentiles who do not have God's written book, the Bible, do have their consciences which tell them right from wrong. All people throughout human history have the inward witness of conscience which regardless of cultural training gives witness to God's will. The Bible also teaches that all people have the witness of nature (Psalm 19: 1-3; Romans 1: 19-20) which reveals things about God. Socrates had no Bible but was not totally without access to revelation of God's will. God has given light to all people including Socrates. Socrates did his best to live by the light he had. I do not claim to know whether or not Socrates ever came to true repentance and received eternal life. I do believe that he made philosophical breakthroughs that brought about moral reform. Socrates preferred argumentation over rhetoric. He sought to tease out a solid definition of virtue. His form of argumentation is called "dialectic." Dialectic is the practice of examining statements logically through question and answer. Thus arose the famous "Socratic questioning." You can imagine how annoyed the older sophist philosophers were by this smart young man asking embarrassing questions. They could not answer his questions and their inadequate answers revealed the logical absurdities of the sophist positions. Socrates changed the course of philosophy and is a hero to those of us who stand up for principle against persuasive demagogues. Later on Athens lost a war with Sparta and in that turmoil Socrates' enemies were able to level charges against him which resulted in a death sentence. The parallels between Socrates' Athens and contemporary western civilization are inescapable. Universities are currently rife with sophistry. Moral relativism, the idea that there is no real right or wrong, that each person makes up his own morals is taught in the college classroom. At first glance moral relativism appears to be open minded and tolerant but since it provides no basis for right behavior it threatens the erasure of ethics and a return to barbarism. There are three worldviews: 1) The modern worldview is the idea that absolute truth exists and that it can be discovered by human reason alone independent of the Bible or any other verbal revelation from God. 2) The postmodern worldview is the idea that no absolute truth exists and that truth is relative, truth is purely subjective and is created by each individual human mind. 3) The Christian worldview is that God has given us absolute truth through His divinely inspired book, the Bible and God has also given absolute truth through the human conscience and also through nature (God's laws are imbedded in nature which is the concept of natural law). Right now there are millions of young people who see themselves as being in the same position as Socrates. These young people see through the sophistry of the university elite. The difference is that while Socrates had no Bible these young people are born again Christians who know their Bibles and receive from the Bible a clear instruction of God's morality. There is an army of these holy Socrates' going forth, Bible in hand, to give western civilization absolute truth, the same absolute truth on which the West was originally founded. This truth is the Christian Gospel. Jesus Christ, the Son of God, came in fulfillment of over 300 prophecies written centuries before His birth. No other figure in all of history can make this claim. The fact that Jesus would come to die for our sins and then be resurrected from the dead is foretold by Old Testament prophecies. These prophecies give Jesus Christ supernatural proof of His authority to give us absolute truth
Bill Nugent, a defender of the Christian faith, has written many articles on Christianity, philosophy and science. He has also written books that give Bible based teaching on sanctification and that caution against the error of legalism. His books are available at his ministry website www.gracelawandsonship.com.
send email to billnugent
Write a Review
Add to My Favorite
Refer it to Friend
Report Article
Other links owned by this user
A brief history of the confrontation between Socrates and the Sophist philosophers in ancient Athens. A discussion of the concept of absolute truth contrasting it with modern and postmodern philosophy. Proof that the Bible is the ultimate source of absolu
Category:
Warns how college comparative religion professors often undermine the Christian beliefs of students. Exposes the tactic of attempting to equate Christianity with gnosticism. Defines gnosticism and contrasts it with traditional Christianity. Shows how trad
Category:
Discusses the recent discoveries of blood remnants and soft tissue found in dinosaur bones. Shows how this offers proof that the dinosaur bones are not millions of years old because soft tissue could not be preserved that long. This is further evidence th
Category:
Gives a brief history of postmodern narcissistic philosophy, the Beatnik movement the shift to Hippie culture and the events of 1967. Shows the contrast between Hippie culture and the Jesus Movement which also began in the late sixties.
Category:
Discussion of the many discoveries of human artifacts in fossil bearing rock. Discussion of documentation of these finds and books written about them. Offering this as proof that the earth is much younger than is currently postulated by mainstream geologi
Category:
Brief biography of Mao-Tse-Tung from youth to the Long March to the Great Leap Forward to the Cultural Revolution. Shows the dependance of Marxism on philosophical atheistic materialism and in turn the dependance of atheistic materialism on Darwin's theor
Category:
Other links at Society > Religion and Faith
Fame, fortune, the American Dream! It all happened in the blink of an eye. I had achieved what everyone only dreams of. I have everything I want. I could finally relax for I had attained my life purpose. Or did I?
Category:
Warns how college comparative religion professors often undermine the Christian beliefs of students. Exposes the tactic of attempting to equate Christianity with gnosticism. Defines gnosticism and contrasts it with traditional Christianity. Shows how trad
Category:
I used to frequent clubs, smoke whatever came my way, and date many wild girls.
Category:
A message of love and peace on earth rang through the forest. Ending with thoughtful words of warning pleading to all who would listen and to all who can hear the voice of God.
Category:
Since the introduction of traditional institutional forms of communication, like the press and telephony, people have been engaged in numerous discussions regarding their role in the process.
Category:
Site Sponsor
Directory Statistics
Articles: 68285
Categories: 501
Yahoo Entertainment
